factor analysis spss output interpretation pdf

endobj /Resources << endobj /Parent 3 0 R endobj /Subj (Stamp) ad67e67a-05f6-11e3-0000-fdc1fd4f101a )’ + Running the analysis >> Factor scores will be located in the SPSS data file. /NM (29b160e1-7a37-4f55-8b59c25bfce431f1) /ExtGState 71 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] 7 0 obj /ExtGState 46 0 R 2. different cluster analysis methods that SPSS offers can handle binary, nominal, ordinal, and scale (interval or ratio) data. /Font 69 0 R /Parent 3 0 R /Parent 3 0 R /Type /Page /Font 52 0 R /Type /Page endobj 18 0 obj /Contents 73 0 R /Type /Page endobj endobj Finally, we provide a careful explanation of each table and graph in the SPSS output. /Font 55 0 R /Contents 54 0 R >> In this case you have to use SPSS command syntax which is outside the scope of this document. In This Topic. >> >> endobj >> 17 0 obj data and getting SPSS to accomplish the analysis of the data. /Type /Page All of the variables in your dataset appear in the list on the left side. /Type /Page This will allow readers to develop a better understanding of when to employ factor analysis and how to interpret the tables and graphs in the output. endobj /Parent 3 0 R Factor Analysis Researchers use factor analysis for two main purposes: Development of psychometric measures (Exploratory Factor Analysis - EFA) Validation of psychometric measures (Confirmatory Factor Analysis – CFA – cannot be done in SPSS, you have to use … /Contents 39 0 R /XObject 83 0 R uuid:45293460-6f7a-4790-b935-1f7808d1665a endstream The number of factors “worth keeping” ranges 20 0 obj /Type /Page endobj /Resources << >> /ColorSpace 38 0 R 1 0 obj >> %PDF-1.4 /Name /FromClipBoard11822598 Choose analyze >> descriptive >> explore. 22 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /ImageC /ImageI /Text] The Cluster Analysis is often part of the sequence of analyses of factor analysis, cluster analysis, and finally, discriminant analysis. /Font 60 0 R /ExtGState 53 0 R With ANOVA, the independent variable can /ExtGState 57 0 R /Type /Page /Parent 3 0 R << /PXCViewerInfo (PDF-XChange Viewer;2.5.311.0;Oct 28 2014;17:32:56;D:20160602125907-04'00') >> >> For instance, in order to achieve a factor loading of .55 with a power of .80, a sample of 100 is needed. Validity and Factor Analysis -Using IBM SPSS Objective Discuss the concepts of reliability and validity. 91 0 obj Nitro PDF PrimoPDF /XObject 79 0 R stream Variables used should be metric. /Count 16 /ProcSet [/PDF /ImageC /ImageI /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /ImageB /Text] >> We proceed by explaining how to run a One-Way ANOVA using SPSS’s dedicated procedure. example of how to run an exploratory factor analysis on SPSS is given, and finally a section on how to write up the results is provided. endobj /Font 35 0 R /Type /Page /N 90 0 R endobj << /ModDate (D:20160602125907-04'00') /Resources << /Parent 3 0 R /Parent 3 0 R >> Here are the scoring coefficients: endstream /Resources << /Parent 3 0 R endobj << /ProcSet [/PDF /ImageC /ImageI /Text] /ExtGState 80 0 R /ExtGState 50 0 R << Initially, the factorability of the 18 ACS items was examined. Our goal is to ensure that the reader has a complete understanding of the output, which will greatly enhance his or her ability to accurately interpret factor analysis. First, a factor analysis … /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Factor analysis and SPSS: Factor analysis can be performed in SPSS by clicking on “analysis” from menu, and then selecting “factor” from the data reduction option. /Contents 26 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] endobj In factor analysis, it is possible to have more than one factor (unlike in multiple regression where there is only one regression equation). %PDF-1.4 << endobj /Resources << Newsom, Spring 2017, Psy 495 Psychological Measurement. /ProcSet [/PDF /ImageC /Text] 2 0 obj /Length 3354 To save space each variable is referred to … >> << Create an index variable. Assumptions: 1. /P 5 0 R Note that the correlation matrix can used as input to factor analysis. 15 0 obj << /Parent 3 0 R /NM (8938fdc6-c49a-464c-8c4cfb08c893f3fa) Multicollinearity in regression analysis occurs when two or more predictor variables are highly correlated to each other, such that they do not provide unique or independent information in the regression model. /XObject 36 0 R /Parent 3 0 R /Resources << 16 0 obj 1. <> 6. /ExtGState 66 0 R 2012-02-16T08:43:28Z /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Contents 51 0 R >> /Resources << /Resources << >> Click Analyze, Correlate, Bivariate. /XObject 56 0 R /ExtGState 28 0 R x��]ݳ%7q/��ޥ��$�s 1ܳ��0�@B�*�\��T�*��*�i��Ԛ9g��~��t��_��I��ϾX��/�==|��}�N��/��+�p��x�BXg��Խ��o]^�iѫx��ey��2��7/JMΨ��奛g�}xty��uu^?��C�]i�]y��奙�w�lѳ�|�A�n�5P�P,�+��&��b25�~//�.q�_]��}x�+��e�ܺ��Ț��i��FU@�{yI;��`��K��w!j-="��//��{n!ZⲨ�_��C�I[��k��I�m��. << You should now be able to perform a factor analysis and interpret the output. endobj /XObject 75 0 R >> /Font 86 0 R significance level. We have already discussed about factor analysis in the previous article (Factor Analysis using SPSS), and how it should be conducted using SPSS.In this article we will be discussing about how output of Factor analysis can be interpreted. /Font 82 0 R For this to be understandable, however, it is necessary to discuss the theory behind factor analysis. /ColorSpace 58 0 R /Type /Page endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /ImageC /Text] 2012-02-16T08:43:26Z /Pages 3 0 R /ColorSpace 67 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /ImageB /ImageC /Text] <. >> application/pdf statistical procedures such as analysis of variance (ANOVA), factor analysis, cluster analysis, and categorical data analysis. /Font 74 0 R 14 0 obj This handout provides basic instructions on how to answer research questions and test hypotheses /Title (Microsoft Word - p079_vTypesetted.docx) /Contents 23 0 R Explore descriptive analysis on SPSS. /Contents 63 0 R >> /Subtype /Link /ColorSpace 89 0 R /Subtype /Stamp /Font 48 0 R << stream stream >> >> 6 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI /Text] /Type /Page For /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /ColorSpace 33 0 R /Contents 34 0 R /F 128 >> /ProcSet [/PDF /ImageC /ImageI /Text] >> /Contents 77 0 R 3 0 obj /Contents 44 0 R endobj /Font 45 0 R It also provides techniques for the analysis of multivariate data, speciﬁcally /Resources << /Parent 3 0 R Nitro PDF Professional (6, 1, 4, 1) /Contents 81 0 R >> << >> /ColorSpace 72 0 R 5 0 obj To run a One-Way ANOVA in SPSS, click Analyze > Compare Means > One-Way ANOVA. Key output includes factor loadings, communality values, percentage of variance, and several graphs. /Font 30 0 R Exploratory Factor Analysis Two major types of factor analysis Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) Major difference is that EFA seeks to discover the number of factors and does not specify which items load on which factors. /Resources << /C [0 0 0] 19 0 obj >> /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Nitro PDF Professional (6, 1, 4, 1) << /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] by carrying out a factor analysis on data from a study in the field of applied linguistics, using SPSS for Windows. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] In this paper we have mentioned the procedure (steps) to obtain multiple regression output via (SPSS Vs.20) and hence the detailed interpretation of the produced outputs has been demonstrated. >> All analyses were conducted using the Family Exchanges Study, Wave 1 (target dataset) 1 from ICPSR. /Type /Page 3. << 11 0 obj 12 0 obj 9 0 obj C8057 (Research Methods II): Factor Analysis on SPSS Dr. Andy Field Page 5 10/12/2005 Interpreting Output from SPSS Select the same options as I have in the screen diagrams and run a factor analysis with orthogonal rotation. /Contents 47 0 R cousined Figure 5 The first decision you will want to make is whether to perform a principal components analysis or a principal factors analysis. Factor Analysis in SPSS To conduct a Factor Analysis, start from the “Analyze” menu. /Subtype /XML ... You will be returned to the Factor Analysis dialogue box. /XObject 70 0 R /C [1 0 0] SPSS will extract factors from your factor analysis. /Type /Page << /Type /Catalog Axis Factor - PAF) and to rotate the matrix of loadings to obtain orthogonal (independent) factors (Varimax rotation). /Parent 3 0 R Complete the following steps to interpret a factor analysis. /ProcSet [/PDF /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI /Text] THE THEORY BEHIND FACTOR ANALYSIS As the goal of this paper is to show and explain the use of factor analysis in SPSS, the In the Factor Analysis window, click Scores and select Save As Variables, Regression, Display Factor Score Coefficient Matrix. << Now, with 16 input variables, PCA initially extracts 16 factors (or “components”). If the factors have a ready interpretation, it can be much easier to understand a solution based on five or six factors, compared to one based on forty variables. /Rect [432 741.6 558.75 755.85] /ProcSet [/PDF /ImageC /Text] of data for factor analysis was satisfied, with a final sample size of 218 (using listwise deletion), providing a ratio of over 12 cases per variable. Step 1: Determine the number of factors ; Step 2: Interpret the factors; Step 3: Check your data for problems ; /ProcSet [/PDF /ImageC /ImageI /Text] View factor analysis handout.pdf from MARKETING 2008 at Indian Institutes of Management. SPSS Base (Manual: SPSS Base 11.0 for Windows User’s Guide): This provides methods for data description, simple inference for con-tinuous and categorical data and linear regression and is, therefore, sufﬁcient to carry out the analyses in Chapters 2, 3, and 4. /Contents 68 0 R Factor Analysis Output I - Total Variance Explained. CHECK OUT MY NEW YOUTUBE CHANNEL that will be updated often: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWcjki66kcArM9qx8yKTgYwAlso, like our new page on … >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] >> >> Here, my favorite is the plot because I could see the histogram. /ExtGState 84 0 R Statistical Analysis Using IBM SPSS – Factor Analysis Example- Supplementary Notes ... variables, where each set is based on a factor. Exploratory factor analysis 2) An overview of the SPSS factor analysis procedure 3) Worked PCA examples: a) Checking the dimensionality of a well-being scale b) More than one dimension: the ‘getting ahead’ scales 4) Desirable job characteristics dimensions (optional quick example of exploratory factor analysis The slides were originally created for Intro to Statistics students (undergrads) and are meant for teaching purposes only2. /Metadata 4 0 R 10 0 obj >> /Resources << endobj Use factor analysis to determine the validity of a new scale variable, then reliability analysis to assess the scale’s reliability. >> %�� /Resources << You can check assumptions #2, #3, #4 and #5 using SPSS Statistics. /Type /Page •Partitioning the variance in factor analysis •Extracting factors •Principal components analysis •Running a PCA with 8 components in SPSS •Running a PCA with 2 components in SPSS •Common factor analysis •Principal axis factoring (2-factor PAF) •Maximum likelihood (2-factor … >> /Length 8099 /ExtGState 37 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Type /Page Click on the button. >> << 2016-06-02T12:59:07-04:00 /ExtGState 88 0 R Factor Analysis . endobj /Kids [5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R] Factor analysis in Spss ... the goal of factor analysis is to reduce “the dimensionality of the original space and to give an interpretation to the new space, spanned by a reduced number of new dimensions which are supposed to underlie the old ones” (Rietveld & Van Hout 1993:254). /Border [0 0 0] 4 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] If you are unsure how to interpret the SPSS Statistics output that you need to inspect to check for outliers, we show you in our enhanced PCA guide. /Resources << SPSS will not only compute the scoring coefficients for you, it will also output the factor scores of your subjects into your SPSS data set so that you can input them into other procedures. You can do this by clicking on the “Extraction” button in the main window for Factor Analysis (see Figure 3). /Font 64 0 R Microsoft Word - p079_vTypesetted.docx /Type /Page The purpose of an EFA is to describe a multidimensional data set using fewer variables. Each component has a quality score called an Eigenvalue.Only components with high Eigenvalues are likely to represent a real underlying factor. /Parent 3 0 R /CreationDate (D:20160531153509-04'00') >> /Annots [21 0 R 22 0 R] /URI (http://dx.doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.09.2.p079) << 2013-08-12T18:04:38+04:00 2012-02-16T08:43:28Z This video demonstrates how interpret the SPSS output for a factor analysis. /Font 24 0 R 8 0 obj 23 0 obj /XObject 31 0 R /ExtGState 42 0 R 11 endobj Ask for Pearson and Spearman coefficients, two-tailed, flagging significant coefficients. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /XObject 65 0 R /XObject 87 0 R Interpreting SPSS ANOVA Output Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests for differences in the mean of a variable across two or more groups. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] We have three additional menu; statistics, plot, and chart. /Contents 29 0 R /ExtGState 25 0 R /Font 78 0 R /Filter [/FlateDecode] >> >> >> Set the variable we want to analyze. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 3 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Move all three variables into the Variables box. Advice on Exploratory Factor Analysis Introduction Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is a process which can be carried out in SPSS to validate scales of items in a questionnaire. /Creator (PrimoPDF http://www.primopdf.com) /Resources << /Type /Pages /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] IBM SPSS Statistics 23 is well-suited for survey research, though by no means is it limited to just this topic of exploration. Chapter 17: Exploratory factor analysis Smart Alex’s Solutions Task 1 Rerun’the’analysis’in’this’chapterusing’principal’componentanalysis’and’compare’the’ results’to’those’in’the’chapter.’(Setthe’iterations’to’convergence’to’30. Firstly, it was observed Here, I put height and weight to the dependent list and gender to the factor list. endobj /Author (cousined) /Contents 85 0 R /ExtGState 76 0 R /XObject 61 0 R /Parent 3 0 R /Producer (Nitro PDF PrimoPDF) /Resources << /AP << /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /ProcSet [/PDF /ImageC /Text] Consider different methods to create the scale, including how to handle missing data. 2. /Resources << A new window will appear (see Figure 5). endobj